Photovoltaic (PV) literally means “light” and “electric.”
Photovoltaic technologies are used to generate solar electricity by using solar
cells packaged in photovoltaic modules.
The most important components of a PV cell are the two
layers of semiconductor material. Sunlight strikes a solar PV panel. Inside
that panel are one or more semi conductors that facilitate the creation of an
electric current from sunlight.
That electricity is sent through wiring to an inverter, where
the direct current (DC) is converted into alternating current (AC) compatible
with your home appliances and the utility grid.
From the inverter, the AC voltage passes through the breaker
panel, where it is sent one of two places – either into the home to power
electrical devices or to the utility meter..
The utility meter measures the amount of solar electricity
produced as it is sent to the National grid for use somewhere else. For homes
with solar power systems, this meter counts in both directions. That is, when
the solar panels are sending energy to the grid, the meter rolls backward, and
at night when the grid is providing power to the home, it rolls forward.
How PV Solar Energy works
All PV cells have two layers of semi-conductors, one
positively charged and one negatively charged. When light shines on the
semi-conductor, the electric field across the junction between these two layers
causes electricity to flow. (The greater the intensity of sun light the greater
the flow of electricity). The panels produce direct current (DC) which is
converted to alternating current (AC) by an inverter so it can be used by
appliances in the home. These systems can either be connected to the national
electricity grid or off grid systems. Of all the micro-renewable energy
technologies available, photovoltaic is:
The most straight forward to install and is an easy system
to maintain
Has zero noise, Is pollution-free and environment-friendly
and Is eligible for government incentives, from savings on energy bills and
from energy sales
The Electrical Connection
In order to use the energy generated by the PV system, it needs
to be connected to the mains electrical supply via an electrical panel.
